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POLICY AND ECONOMIC REPORT
OIL & GAS MARKET

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said that Singapore, Mauritius, the UAE, and the US together
accounted for more than three-fourths of the total FDI inflows in May 2025. Manufacturing,
financial and computer services were the top recipient sectors.

• On the other hand, top sectors for outward FDI included transport, storage and communication
services, manufacturing, and financial, insurance and business services. Major destinations for
outward FDI included Mauritius, the US, and the UAE.

9. India may need up to $13.4 trillion for urban climate resilience by 2070: Report

• As India’s cities expand rapidly, building climate-resilient infrastructure will come at a massive
cost. A new report by World Resources Institute (WRI) India and GIZ estimates that India may
need as much as $13.4 trillion by 2070 to prepare its urban areas for climate risks, including floods,
heatwaves, and other extreme weather events.

• Based on a moderate urbanisation projection of 54 per cent by 2050 and 66 per cent by 2070, the
total investment needed would be $2.9 trillion by 2050 and $13.4 trillion by 2070. Even under a
conservative urbanisation scenario—where 43 per cent of the population is urban by 2050 and
52 per cent by 2070—the estimated funding requirement is $2.4 trillion and $10.9 trillion,
respectively.

• The report titled “Mainstreaming Urban Climate Resilience: A Policy and Institutional Framework
for India” underlines that more than 80 per cent of the infrastructure that will exist in Indian cities
by 2050 is yet to be built, and unless resilience is embedded in future construction, India could
face massive financial, social, and environmental losses.

• By 2030, India’s urban population is projected to reach 600 million, accounting for 40 per cent of
the national population. These urban centres will be responsible for more than 70 per cent of
India’s GDP, consume 75 per cent of natural resources, and emit 80 per cent of the country's
greenhouse gases, the report notes.

• The report identifies key institutional, governance, and financing gaps and proposes a roadmap
for integrating resilience into urban development. It recommends the formation of dedicated
climate resilience cells at city and state levels, integrating resilience into financial planning and
public budgets, and strengthening risk-informed planning through data and digital platforms.

• The study also calls for streamlining roles among central, state, and local agencies, aligning
existing urban missions such as Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, and National Mission on Sustainable
Habitat with climate resilience goals, and attracting long-term investments through appropriate
policy reforms.

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